Tech Tips

[:en] 　We can build virtual machine by Vagrant. We can make built machine install software and deploy application by Ansible. This article try to build web server for testing by Vagrant and Ansible.

Environment

• OS
  • Windows7 Enterprise Service Pack1
• Vagrant
  • 1.7.4
• Virtual Box
  • 4.3.26

Prepare Environment

Please follow following instructions.

1. Download installer of virtual box from official site and install it.
2. Download installer of vagrant from official site and install it.

Build Virtual Machine

1. Choose Distribution

Choose distribution.
In this article, I use “Official Ubuntu 14.04 daily Cloud Image i386 (Development release, No Guest Additions)”.
Note that you have to enable virtual machine support function from BIOS when you want to use 64bit version. How to enable it depends on PC maker.

2. Build Virtual Machine

Copy selected distribution’s url.
And then type following commands on command prompt.

# Add distribution to vagrant
C:\Users\...\Desktop>vagrant box add ubuntu14.04i386 https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/vagrant/trusty/current/trusty-server-cloudimg-i386-vagrant-disk1.box

==> box: Box file was not detected as metadata. Adding it directly...
==> box: Adding box 'ubuntu14.04i386' (v0) for provider:
    box: Downloading: https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/vagrant/trusty/current/tru
sty-server-cloudimg-i386-vagrant-disk1.box
    box: Progress: 100% (Rate: 1311k/s, Estimated time remaining: --:--:--)
==> box: Successfully added box 'ubuntu14.04i386' (v0) for 'virtualbox'!

# Make Vagrantfile
C:\Users\...\Desktop>vagrant init ubuntu14.04i386
A `Vagrantfile` has been placed in this directory. You are now
ready to `vagrant up` your first virtual environment! Please read
the comments in the Vagrantfile as well as documentation on
`vagrantup.com` for more information on using Vagrant.

# Boot
C:\Users\...\Desktop>vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Importing base box 'ubuntu14.04i386'...
==> default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
==> default: Setting the name of the VM: Desktop_default_1442904841403_7922
==> default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
    default: Adapter 1: nat
==> default: Forwarding ports...
    default: 22 => 2222 (adapter 1)
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
    default: SSH username: vagrant
    default: SSH auth method: private key
    default: Warning: Connection timeout. Retrying...
    default: Warning: Remote connection disconnect. Retrying...
    default: Warning: Remote connection disconnect. Retrying...
    default: Warning: Remote connection disconnect. Retrying...
    default:
    default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace
    default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security.
    default:
    default: Inserting generated public key within guest...
    default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present...
    default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
==> default: Mounting shared folders...
    default: /vagrant => C:/Users/...Desktop

Now you can access to virtual machine by ssh.

3. Access

In this article, I use putty to access to virtual machine.
When you use putty, please check following image.

• username : vagrant
• password : vagrant

login as: vagrant
vagrant@127.0.0.1's password:
Welcome to Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS (GNU/Linux 3.13.0-63-generic i686)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com/

 System information disabled due to load higher than 1.0

  Get cloud support with Ubuntu Advantage Cloud Guest:
    http://www.ubuntu.com/business/services/cloud

0 packages can be updated.
0 updates are security updates.

vagrant@vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-32:~$

Now you can do everything on ubuntu14.04. When you want to stop virtual machine or something, you can use following commands.

• suspend : vagrant suspend
• stop : vagrant halt
• reboot : vagrant up
• check status : vagrant status

Contribute Web Server by Ansible

Next, I make virtual machine install nginx by Ansible at booting time.

1. Prepare Directory

Make directory wherever you want.
Directory organization will be like following. I followed
template-vagrant.

.
|-ansible
|  |-hosts
|   -playbook.yml
|-provision.sh
 -Vagrantfile

2. Vagrantfile Setting

Prepare Vagrantfile by copy previous one or type “vagrant init ubuntu14.04i386” on the new directory.

# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
  # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
  # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
  # https://docs.vagrantup.com.

  # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
  # boxes at https://atlas.hashicorp.com/search.
  config.vm.box = "ubuntu14.04i386"

  # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
  # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
  # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
  # config.vm.box_check_update = false

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
  # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080

  # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
  # using a specific IP.
  config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"

  # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
  # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
  # your network.
  # config.vm.network "public_network"

  # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
  # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
  # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
  # argument is a set of non-required options.
  # config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"

  # Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
  # backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
  # Example for VirtualBox:
  #
  # config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
  #   # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
  #   vb.gui = true
  #
  #   # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
  #   vb.memory = "1024"
  # end
  #
  # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
  # information on available options.

  # Define a Vagrant Push strategy for pushing to Atlas. Other push strategies
  # such as FTP and Heroku are also available. See the documentation at
  # https://docs.vagrantup.com/v2/push/atlas.html for more information.
  # config.push.define "atlas" do |push|
  #   push.app = "YOUR_ATLAS_USERNAME/YOUR_APPLICATION_NAME"
  # end

  # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
  # Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
  # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
  # config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
  #   sudo apt-get update
  #   sudo apt-get install -y apache2
  # SHELL

  config.vm.provision "shell", :path => "provision.sh"
  config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", :mount_options => ['dmode=775', 'fmode=664']
end

3. provision.sh/hosts/playbook.yml

Make 3 files like following.

1. provision.sh
   

   #!/usr/bin/env bash
   
   
   if ! [ `which ansible` ]; then
   	apt-get update -y
   	apt-get install -y ansible
   fi
   
   ansible-playbook -i /vagrant/ansible/hosts /vagrant/ansible/playbook.yml
   

2. hosts
   

   127.0.0.1 ansible_connection=local
   

3. playbook.yml
   

   ---
   - hosts: 127.0.0.1
     connection: local
     sudo: yes
     tasks:
       - name: install nginx
         apt: pkg=nginx update_cache=yes
   

4. Check Behavior

Type “vagrant up” like following.

C:\Users\...\Desktop\vagrant>vagrant up

Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Importing base box 'ubuntu14.04i386'...
==> default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
==> default: Setting the name of the VM: vagrant_default_1442906425474_82960
==> default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
    default: Adapter 1: nat
    default: Adapter 2: hostonly
==> default: Forwarding ports...
    default: 22 => 2222 (adapter 1)
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
    default: SSH username: vagrant
    default: SSH auth method: private key
    default: Warning: Connection timeout. Retrying...
    default: Warning: Connection timeout. Retrying...
    default: Warning: Remote connection disconnect. Retrying...
    default: Warning: Remote connection disconnect. Retrying...
    default:
    default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace
    default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security.
    default:
    default: Inserting generated public key within guest...
    default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present...
    default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
==> default: Configuring and enabling network interfaces...
==> default: Mounting shared folders...
    default: /vagrant => C:/Users/hidetomo.suzuki/Desktop/vagrant
==> default: Running provisioner: shell...
    default: Running: C:/Users/.../AppData/Local/Temp/vagrant-shell2015
0922-7688-1m4rfud.sh
==> default: stdin: is not a tty
==> default: Ign http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security InRelease
==> default: Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty InRelease
==> default: Get:1 http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security Release.gpg [933 B
]
==> default: Get:2 http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security Release [63.5 kB]
==> default: Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates InRelease
==> default: Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty Release.gpg
==> default: Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates Release.gpg [933 B]
==> default: Get:4 http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/main Sources [94.6
 kB]
==> default: Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty Release
==> default: Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates Release [63.5 kB]
==> default: Get:6 http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/universe Sources [
30.5 kB]
==> default: Get:7 http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/main i386 Packages
 [328 kB]
==> default: Get:8 http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/universe i386 Pack
ages [116 kB]
==> default: Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/main Translation-en
==> default: Get:9 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty/main Sources [1,064 kB]
==> default: Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/universe Translation
-en
==> default: Get:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty/universe Sources [6,399 kB]

==> default: Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty/main i386 Packages
==> default: Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty/universe i386 Packages
==> default: Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty/main Translation-en
==> default: Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty/universe Translation-en
==> default: Get:11 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/main Sources [234 k
B]
==> default: Get:12 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/universe Sources [1
36 kB]
==> default: Get:13 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/main i386 Packages
[601 kB]
==> default: Get:14 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/universe i386 Packa
ges [314 kB]
==> default: Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/main Translation-en
==> default: Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/universe Translation-e
n
==> default: Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty/main Translation-en_US
==> default: Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty/universe Translation-en_US
==> default: Fetched 9,445 kB in 45s (206 kB/s)
==> default: Reading package lists...
==> default: Reading package lists...
==> default: Building dependency tree...
==> default: Reading state information...
==> default: The following extra packages will be installed:
==> default:   python-jinja2 python-markupsafe
==> default: Suggested packages:
==> default:   ansible-doc sshpass python-jinja2-doc
==> default: The following NEW packages will be installed:
==> default:   ansible python-jinja2 python-markupsafe
==> default: 0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
==> default: Need to get 593 kB of archives.
==> default: After this operation, 3,846 kB of additional disk space will be use
d.
==> default: Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main python-markupsa
fe i386 0.18-1build2 [14.3 kB]
==> default: Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main python-jinja2 a
ll 2.7.2-2 [161 kB]
==> default: Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/universe ansible all
 1.5.4+dfsg-1 [418 kB]
==> default: dpkg-preconfigure: unable to re-open stdin: No such file or directo
ry
==> default: Fetched 593 kB in 17s (34.5 kB/s)
==> default: Selecting previously unselected package python-markupsafe.
==> default: (Reading database ... 61102 files and directories currently install
ed.)
==> default: Preparing to unpack .../python-markupsafe_0.18-1build2_i386.deb ...

==> default: Unpacking python-markupsafe (0.18-1build2) ...
==> default: Selecting previously unselected package python-jinja2.
==> default: Preparing to unpack .../python-jinja2_2.7.2-2_all.deb ...
==> default: Unpacking python-jinja2 (2.7.2-2) ...
==> default: Selecting previously unselected package ansible.
==> default: Preparing to unpack .../ansible_1.5.4+dfsg-1_all.deb ...
==> default: Unpacking ansible (1.5.4+dfsg-1) ...
==> default: Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1ubuntu1) ...
==> default: Setting up python-markupsafe (0.18-1build2) ...
==> default: Setting up python-jinja2 (2.7.2-2) ...
==> default: Setting up ansible (1.5.4+dfsg-1) ...
==> default:
==> default: PLAY [127.0.0.1] **************************************************
************
==> default:
==> default: GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************
************
==> default: ok: [127.0.0.1]
==> default:
==> default: TASK: [install nginx] *********************************************
==> default: Suggested packages:
==> default:   ansible-doc sshpass python-jinja2-doc
==> default: The following NEW packages will be installed:
==> default:   ansible python-jinja2 python-markupsafe
==> default: 0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
==> default: Need to get 593 kB of archives.
==> default: After this operation, 3,846 kB of additional disk space will be use
d.
==> default: Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main python-markupsa
fe i386 0.18-1build2 [14.3 kB]
==> default: Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main python-jinja2 a
ll 2.7.2-2 [161 kB]
==> default: Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/universe ansible all
 1.5.4+dfsg-1 [418 kB]
==> default: dpkg-preconfigure: unable to re-open stdin: No such file or directo
ry
==> default: Fetched 593 kB in 17s (34.5 kB/s)
==> default: Selecting previously unselected package python-markupsafe.
==> default: (Reading database ... 61102 files and directories currently install
ed.)
==> default: Preparing to unpack .../python-markupsafe_0.18-1build2_i386.deb ...

==> default: Unpacking python-markupsafe (0.18-1build2) ...
==> default: Selecting previously unselected package python-jinja2.
==> default: Preparing to unpack .../python-jinja2_2.7.2-2_all.deb ...
==> default: Unpacking python-jinja2 (2.7.2-2) ...
==> default: Selecting previously unselected package ansible.
==> default: Preparing to unpack .../ansible_1.5.4+dfsg-1_all.deb ...
==> default: Unpacking ansible (1.5.4+dfsg-1) ...
==> default: Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1ubuntu1) ...
==> default: Setting up python-markupsafe (0.18-1build2) ...
==> default: Setting up python-jinja2 (2.7.2-2) ...
==> default: Setting up ansible (1.5.4+dfsg-1) ...
==> default:
==> default: PLAY [127.0.0.1] **************************************************
************
==> default:
==> default: GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************
************
==> default: ok: [127.0.0.1]
==> default:
==> default: TASK: [install nginx] *********************************************

Now you can see html file on virtual machine by accessing to “http://192.168.33.10”.